Out-of-Ecliptic Solar Wind in the Outer Heliosphere

Physics

Scientific paper

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2152 Pickup Ions, 2162 Solar Cycle Variations (7536), 2164 Solar Wind Plasma, 7823 Ionization Processes, 7827 Kinetic And Mhd Theory

Scientific paper

Dynamics of the solar wind in the outer heliosphere is governed by the pickup proton MHD equations. In this study the interstellar pickup protons and solar wind protons are treated as two distinct proton species, a hot hydrogen model is used to calculate the number density of interstellar neutral hydrogen at all latitudes, and real observational data are used as input function. We integrate the pickup proton MHD equations to obtain the radial evolution of the solar wind following the fluid motion in the outer heliosphere. There are two sets of data for the out-of-ecliptic solar wind speed: (i) the directly measured solar wind from Ulysses along its trajectory; (ii) the simulated 1 AU wind speed at all latitudes from the empirical model of Wang and Sheeley. The Carrington rotation average wind speeds from the two sources agree quite well. This study uses the simulated wind speed as input, that are calculated using a best-fit conversion function of WS model and the observed photospheric field maps. The calculated results show that the properties of the solar wind in the outer heliosphere are latitude dependent and solar cycle dependent. The simulated wind speed is the dominating parameter that determines the wind speed and temperature following the fluid motion; these relationships are attributed to the accumulated effects of the ionization process on heating and deceleration of the solar wind.

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