Onsets of Solar Cycle 23 Ground Level Events as Probes of Solar Energetic Particle Injections at the Sun

Details Onsets of Solar Cycle 23 Ground Level Events as Probes of Solar Energetic Particle Injections at the Sun Onsets of Solar Cycle 23 Ground Level Events as Probes of Solar Energetic Particle Injections at the Sun

Jul 2003

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2003icrc....6.3415k&link_type=abstract

Proceedings of the 28th International Cosmic Ray Conference. July 31-August 7, 2003. Trukuba, Japan. Under the auspices of the I

Physics

5

Scientific paper

The inferred solar injection times of the first arriving particles of solar energetic particle (SEP) events can be compared with solar eruptive events to provide information on how those particles were accelerated near the Sun. The injection times are best inferred from high-energy electrons and protons with long mean free paths in space. We use the neutron monitor counting rate profiles and space-based near-relativistic electron intensity profiles of the 10 ground level events (GLEs) of solar cycle 23 to determine the initial solar injection times of the SEPs. Those times are compared with microwave, metric and decametric/hectometric (DH) radio bursts and solar CME observations to determine the radiative signatures of early SEP injections. The space-b orne solar observations of the current cycle 23 are far superior to those during GLEs of earlier cycles, allowing a more definitive description of solar events at the times of SEP injection. We find that the metric and microwave radio emission onsets always precede the GLE release times, often by tens of minutes; this suggests that the highly relativistic particles are accelerated by a mechanism, probably the CME-driven shock, different from that producing the radio emissions. In half of the 10 events the electron injection preceded the release of the GLE protons, but in the other half the protons were injected before the electrons. The four most intense GLE increases were events where the proton injections preceded the electron injections but still occurred well after the DH type I I I bursts.

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