Measurement of the Radiofrequency Properties of Antarctic Ice with the RICE Detector

Details Measurement of the Radiofrequency Properties of Antarctic Ice with the RICE Detector Measurement of the Radiofrequency Properties of Antarctic Ice with the RICE Detector

Jul 2003

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2003icrc....3.1345k&link_type=abstract

Proceedings of the 28th International Cosmic Ray Conference. July 31-August 7, 2003. Trukuba, Japan. Under the auspices of the I

Physics

Scientific paper

Using the RICE detector at the South Pole, we have estimated the variation in the index of refraction, as a function of depth into the firn (z ), to z =-160 m. Measurements were made in Dec. 2002 by lowering a dip ole transmitter into a 12 cm calib er borehole, originally drilled for the RICE experiment in 1998. Signal arrival times (and corresponding propagation velocities), as a function of transmitter depth, in the RICE receiver array underice are determined as the transmitter broadcasts short-duration pulses. Our measurements are in agreement with previous lab oratory characterizations of the dielectric properties of ice cores. These are the first such in situ measurements to be performed at the South Pole. Introduction The Antarctic icecap has provided an extraordinary lab oratory for a variety of scientific purposes. The AMANDA[1], IceCub e[2], ANITA[3], and RICE[5,6] collab orations seek to use the dense, solid, large-volume, and extraordinarily transparent (for λ > 100 nm) icecap as a neutrino target; the pioneering AMANDA experiment has sucessfully demonstrated the viability of in-ice optical detection of atmospheric neutrinos, through the reconstruction of hundreds of muon neutrinos. Similarly, the RICE and ANITA experiments also seek to detect neutrinos interacting in the Antarctic icecap; whereas AMANDA's sensitivity is maximal for νµ , the RICE and ANITA experiments fo cus on νe detection, by measuring the Cherenkov radiation produced by neutrino interactions in polar ice, alb eit at lower frequencies (100 MHz-1 GHz) than AMANDA/IceCub e. The RICE experiment consists of an array of 20 in-ice dip ole receivers, deployed at depths of 100 - 400 m, and read out into digital oscilloscopes. Calibration techniques and event reconstruction[5], as well as results on the neutrino flux at earth[6], are presented elsewhere. Whereas neutrinos are expected to interact below the array, RF backgrounds due to air showers, or above-surface anthrop ogenic sources, require recontruction of sources viewed upwards through the firn. This necessitates ray tracing the trajectories of radio waves through a region of variable ice density and

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