Excitation of Herzberg I and II bands in the atmospheres of earth and Venus

Physics

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Earth Atmosphere, Herzberg Bands, Molecular Excitation, Nightglow, Oxygen Spectra, Venus Atmosphere, Emission Spectra, Ultraviolet Spectra

Scientific paper

A kinetic scheme is proposed to explain observations of the Herzberg I and II bands in the laboratory and in the nightglow on earth and Venus. The O2 (A Sigma + u) state responsible for the first emission is produced directly by three-body recombination of atomic oxygen. The O2 (cSigma - u) state is populated through a transfer process from the O2 (A 3Sigma + u) state, and the ratio of the two states depends on the efficiency of the quencher. On earth, the emission would be predominantly Herzberg I bands because of the low transfer coefficient in O2 and N2. On Venus and Mars, the Herzberg I bands are virtually absent in the presence of CO2 which acts as strong quencher.

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