Supercontinents and superplume events: distinguishing signals in the geologic record

Details Supercontinents and superplume events: distinguishing signals in the geologic record Supercontinents and superplume events: distinguishing signals in the geologic record

Aug 2004

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2004pepi..146..319c&link_type=abstract

Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Volume 146, Issue 1-2, p. 319-332.

Physics

19

Scientific paper

Simultaneous supercontinent and superplume events may reinforce or cancel signals preserved in the geologic record. Alternatively, one signal may overwhelm the other. For instance, relatively low sea level during a 2.7-Ga superplume/supercontinent event may reflect direct hits of superplumes beneath the supercontinent. Although both supercontinent formation and superplume events occurred at 0.28, 1.9 and 2.7Ga, global warming at these times indicates the dominance of superplume events in controlling climate. Enhanced deposition of black shales correlates with superplume events and with supercontinent breakup. Carbon isotopes in seawater, however, show positive excursions during supercontinent breakup at 2.2-2.1 and 0.8-0.6Ga, but show mixed signals or no signal during other supercontinent or superplume events, probably due to negative feedbacks. Peaks in marine organism originations at 100, 280, and 480Ma correlate with possible superplume events, whereas an overall decrease in origination rate in the early Paleozoic correlates with the growth of Pangea and destruction of shallow marine environments.
Increased production rates of juvenile crust correlate with formation of supercontinents and with superplume events. There may be two types of superplume events: catastrophic events, which are short-lived (<100 My) and shielding events, which are long-lived (>=200 My). Catastrophic events may be triggered by slab avalanches in the mantle and may be responsible for episodic crustal growth. Shielding superplume events, caused by shielding of the mantle from subduction by supercontinents, are responsible for relatively small additions of mafic components to the continents and may lead to supercontinent breakup.

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