Equatorial spread F modeling: Multiple bifurcated structures, secondary instabilities, large density `bite-outs,' and supersonic flows

Physics

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Ionosphere: Ionospheric Dynamics, Ionosphere: Ionospheric Irregularities, Ionosphere: Ionospheric Disturbances, Ionosphere: Modeling And Forecasting

Scientific paper

The Naval Research Laboratory has recently developed a new two-dimensional code to study equatorial spread F (ESF): NRLESF2. The code uses an 8th order spatial interpolation scheme and the partial donor cell method. This allows the model to capture very sharp gradients over ~ 4 grid cells and to assess the impact of numerical diffusion on the dynamics of `bubble' evolution. Simulation results are presented that show new and complex ESF bubble dynamics: multiple bifurcations, secondary instabilities, density `bite-outs' of over three orders of magnitude, and supersonic flows within low density channels (V $\simeq$ few km/s). These results are consistent with radar and satellite observations, as well as optical images. It is also shown that numerical diffusion can inhibit bubble bifurcation and the development of small-scale structure.

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