The Guardians

Physics

Scientific paper

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Reconnaissance Spacecraft, Satellite Design, Satellite Observation, Satellite-Borne Instruments, Cameras, High Resolution, International Relations, Titan 3 Launch Vehicle

Scientific paper

Launchings, structure, and operations of the Big Bird reconnaissance satellites carried aloft by Titan III rockets are described, including pertinent pictures and drawings as well as a table of launches beginning with the June 15, 1971 (lifetime 52 days, orbit 184-300 km) and ending with the June 27, 1977 (lifetime 178 days, orbit 155-239 km) launches. Big Bird satellites have a Perkin Elmer optical system with a Cassegrain telescope providing a ground resolution of better than 0.3 m from 161 km, capable of revealing with clarity even such ground objects as cars and personnel. The photographs are returned from orbit by recovery capsules, which have their own retrorocket and attitude control jets, and which are recovered in mid-air by specially equipped HC 130's off the coast of Hawaii. Most of the satellites launched to-date have carried and injected into orbit P-11 subsatellites, which are primarily employed for locating and cataloguing Russian and Chinese defense radars and their operating characteristics.

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