On the lepton numbers of the universe

Physics

Scientific paper

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Scientific paper

The lepton numbers (e, μ, τ, ...) of the universe are not easily accessible to measurement since a large lepton number can be hidden in the cosmological background sea of neutrinos. We argue that if the ideas of grand unification are correct (specifically, that there is a gauge boson of mass <~ 3 × 1015 GeV whose interactions violate baryon and lepton number), then the lepton numbers of the universe must be of the same order as the baryon number (B ≡ nB/nγ ~ 10-9.9+/-1). The existence of such a boson could be inferred from proton decay. The smallness of the lepton numbers has important consequences for big-bang cosmology.

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