Solar irradiance variations induced by faculae and small magnetic elements in the photosphere

Physics

Scientific paper

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Sun:Activity, Sun:Phothosphere, Sun:Faculae, Plages, Sun:Variability

Scientific paper

This PhD thesis studies the variability of the solar irradiance (total and spectral) induced by small magnetic elements present in the solar photosphere, both on the short and long time-scales. The aim of this work is to contribute to a better knowledge of the influence of this small elements to solar variability, specially on the solar cycle time-scale. Data from the MDI and VIRGO instruments on board the SOHO spacecraft have been used. Several algorithms have been developed in order to correct instrumental effects from the data, converting them from level 0 (raw data) to level 2 (scintifically useful) data.
We have analyzed the evolution of an isolated active region (NOAA AR 7978) during the 1996 minimum in order to determine its contribution to solar irradiance variations. We have also studied the contrast of small photospheric magnetic elements as well as its dependence on position, magnetic signal and solar cycle evolution. From these analysis we conclude that: 1) the contrast center-to-limb variation of active region faculae and the magnetic network are very different, and thus their contribution to irradiance variability is very different; 2) the contrast of these elements does not change with the solar cycle, therefore we suggest that the physical properties of the underlying flux tubes do not vary with time; 3) the network presents a positive contrast at all positions over the disk and it is the dominant population along the cycle, therefore, it has a significant contribution to the long-term variations and has to be taken into account.

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