Physics – Nuclear Physics
Scientific paper
Oct 2001
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2001nupha.693..282p&link_type=abstract
Nuclear Physics A, Volume 693, Issue 1-2, p. 282-324.
Physics
Nuclear Physics
62
Scientific paper
The production of the heaviest elements in nature occurs via the r-process, i.e. a combination of rapid neutron captures, the inverse photodisintegrations, and slower β--decays, /β-delayed processes as well as fission and possibly interactions with intense neutrino fluxes. A correct understanding and modeling requires the knowledge of nuclear properties far from stability and a detailed prescription of the astrophysical environment. Experiments at radioactive ion beam facilities have played a pioneering role in exploring the characteristics of nuclear structure in terms of masses and /β-decay properties. Initial examinations paid attention to highly unstable nuclei with magic neutron numbers and their /β-decay properties, related to the location and height of r-process peaks, while recent activities focus on the evolution of shell effects at large distances from the valley of stability. We show in site-independent applications the effect of both types of nuclear properties on r-process abundances. Next, we explore also additional nuclear properties in calculations related to possibly ``realistic'' astrophysical sites representative for the two options of neutron-rich high entropy or low entropy environments like (i) the supernova neutrino wind and (ii) neutron star mergers or possibly also axial jets from proto-neutron stars in supernova explosions. We close with a list of remaining theoretical, experimental and observational challenges needed to overcome for a full understanding of the nature of the r-process.
Kratz Karl Ludwig
Pfeiffer Bernd
Thielemann Friederich-Karl
Walters William B.
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