Some solar cycle phenomena related to the geomagnetic activity from 1868 to 1980. I - The shock events, or the interplanetary expansion of the toroidal field

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

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Interplanetary Medium, Magnetic Storms, Shock Waves, Solar Cycles, Solar Terrestrial Interactions, Cosmic Rays, Geomagnetic Pulsations, Solar Wind

Scientific paper

According to our previous analysis (Legrand and Simon, 1981), during 74% of the days the geomagnetic activity is the result of a steady wind flow occurring in the ecliptic plane. The present paper examined the remaining activity that we call the "transient activity" in order to separate the shock-events from a fluctuating wind flow supposed to be the two respective sources of that activity. We discussed a method of event recognition applied to the shock-event activity identified, on a Bartels diagram, by a SSC followed by a 3 day-jump of the geomagnetic activity level. Comparing our selected events with the ones obtained from the study of a series of solar wind data, we obtained a good agreement between both series. During the 112 year-interval under study, the shock-events contributed weakly to the geomagnetic activity (15%) during 8.5% of the days. Their rough relationship with the sunspot activity is rather weak (aa =0.048 R) and shows a large scattering on annual as well as on cyclical data. Outstanding jumps of shock-event activity occur currently once or twice a cycle, 2 years apart during the polar field reversal but not during the weakest cycles, i.e. those with a sunspot maximum number inferior to 50.

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