Mathematics – Probability
Scientific paper
Nov 1926
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1926phrv...28..947l&link_type=abstract
Physical Review, vol. 28, Issue 5, pp. 947-961
Mathematics
Probability
34
Scientific paper
A method of high precision for the measurement of critical potentials. Precision in critical potential measurements in the past has been seriously limited by the lack of homogeneity in velocities of the electrons. This source of error has been eliminated by separating out magnetically electrons of definite velocities. The electron beams used in the present experiments were not characterized by great homogeneity in velocities but by sharp upper limits to their velocity distributions. Critical potentials were measured as the differences between two retarding potentials-the smallest retarding potential preventing the entrance of the electrons into the Faraday cylinder type of ionization chamber and the largest retarding potential for which the effect under investigation is observed-thereby eliminating errors due to contact electromotive forces. Critical potentials in mercury vapor. The following critical potentials associated with ionization of mercury vapor have been observed: 10.40, 10.60, 11.29, 11.70 and 12.06 volts, respectively. The first is identified with simple ionization of the mercury atom while the ultraionization potentials are regarded as most probably due to simultaneous ionization and removal of another electron to a higher energy level in the atom. It is also suggested that the new critical potentials may be identified with band spectra data. Ionization probabilities. Analysis of the data indicates very strikingly that each type of inelastic impact involving ionization has a maximum probability of production when the impacting electron has just enough energy to carry through the process, the law governing the probability being of the form, P(e)=Pe0ɛ-10(e-e0)e0 where e0 is the associated critical potential and e is the energy of the impacting electron. The constants Pe0 for the several types of impacts are as follows:
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