Wide Band Search Coil Magnetometer : a new Instrument to Investigate Magnetic Field Fluctuations in Space.

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7594 Instruments And Techniques

Scientific paper

Measurement of magnetic fields from the dc up to several kHz is of major importance to investigate plasma waves and their role in magnetospheric dynamics. Usually this broad frequency range is covered by two instruments: the fluxgate (FG) and the search Coil (SC) magnetometers. Typically SC cover from a few Hz to a few kHz. We describe a new generation of search coil magnetometer that can cover the whole frequency range and therefore ensure the redundancy of the FG, in addition to able to ensure redundancy with fluxgate magnetometer should be of interest for scientific spacecraft. The new search coil (NSC) magnetometer, is based upon especially tailored magnetic concentrators to intensify the magnetic field in the active region where a Hall sensor is implemented to measure from mHz to few Hz, while a winding is wounded around the magnetic core to measure magnetic fluctuations from a few Hz to a few kHz. We have used an especially designed Hall effect sensor whose thickness has been machined down to 70um. The magnetic concentrator have been designed to provide magnetic gain up to 250. Thus, the sensitivity of Hall sensors can be improved by at least two orders of magnitude. An electronic conditionning, using spinning current method, permits to remove low frequency noise and the offsets. With this new design a Noise Equivalent Magnetic Induction down to 100pT/sqrt(Hz) at 1Hz can be reached. On the other hand, an high turn number winding wounded around the core is used to measure ac magnetic fluctuations. This winding is connected with a very low noise preamplifier. A feedback loop is used to remove the natural resonances of the sensor and to have a constant gain, over 2 frequency decades. This wide band magnetometer will fly, for the first time, in january 2007 on a NASA rocket (CHARM).

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