Other
Scientific paper
Dec 2006
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2006agufmgc51a0451m&link_type=abstract
American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2006, abstract #GC51A-0451
Other
1218 Mass Balance (0762, 1223, 1631, 1836, 1843, 3010, 3322, 4532), 1225 Global Change From Geodesy (1222, 1622, 1630, 1641, 1645, 4556)
Scientific paper
At the present time, strategies to mitigate anthropogenically induced climate change focus on methods intended to decrease emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) to the atmosphere in order to prevent atmospheric concentrations of GHGs from reaching dangerous levels. Examples of climate change mitigation strategies include: use higher percentages of low-carbon fuels (such as nuclear); rely more on renewable energy (such as wind); capture and sequester carbon from large stationary sources such as power plants; and increase energy efficiency. Within the past several years, more and more scientists are questioning whether these techniques can be implemented on a global scale quickly enough to avoid dangerous anthropogenic climate change impacts. Further, some signatories to the Kyoto Protocol have already indicated they will not be able to meet their reductions of emissions by the agreed upon date of 2012, and in fact expect to increase their emissions. An important question becomes: Are there other mitigation techniques that could be used in a supplemental manner to help control anthropogenically-induced climate change should those techniques mentioned above fall short? In fact there are a variety of techniques that are commonly called geo-engineering methods (or earth-engineering methods) that could be considered. A number of these techniques were introduced more than a decade ago in an American Academy of Science report published in 1991. However, they but have not received serious attention until recently as scientists have become more concerned about limitations of mitigation strategies presently on the table. In this poster, we will summarize the geo-engineering techniques that have been proposed, both those originally introduced by the National Academy of Science and numerous others that have been developed since then, particularly over the past year or two. We discuss two of these approaches in detail: one is a space-based approach and the other is an earth- based approach. The basic theories behind the two approaches will be presented and then preliminary designs of each approach will be provided. It is our intension to illustrate that not all geo-engineering approaches are futuristic and costly. The earth-based approach will attempt to demonstrate this by answering the following question: "To what degree could the albedo of the surface of the earth be controlled through routine human activities to help cool the planet by a specified amount?" While techniques have been proposed to control the earth's planetary albedo by atmospheric means (such as injecting reflecting aerosols into the stratosphere), the surface-based approach has not, to our knowledge, received serious attention. Finally, perceived limitations of geo-engineering solutions in general will also be provided (such as cost of certain technologies) that will show geo-engineering techniques would be used in a supplementary role to carbon-based mitigation strategies that might lag behind in time before they are fully implemented.
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