RR Lyrae Atmospheres: Wrinkles Old and New

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After making brief historical remarks about RR Lyrae stars and certain astronomers ca 1950, as befits my age, I will turn to more recent observational work on atmospheric phenomena that occur during the pulsation cycles of these remarkable standard candles. Topics will include (1) phase-dependent envelope turbulence as it relates to Stother's hypothesis about the Blazhko effect, and as it relates to Peterson's unanticipated measurements of axial rotation on the horizontal branch, (2) atmospheric velocity gradients (need we care about them?), (3) the third apparition of hydrogen emission during a pulsation cycle (most readers probably aren't aware of the second), (4) the occurrence of He I lines in emission and absorption (how He I lines come and go and come again), (5) He II emission (yet!) and metallic line-doubling, and finally (6) what helium observations of RR Lyrae stars in omega Centauri might tell us about the putative helium populations and the horizontal branch of that strange globular cluster.

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