Formation of cavities in the foreshock

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

Scientific paper

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Planetary Bow Shocks, Interplanetary Shocks, Solar Wind/Magnetosphere Interactions, Solar Wind Plasma, Sources Of Solar Wind

Scientific paper

Results from electromagnetic hybrid simulations (kinetic ions, fluid electrons) of the magnetosphere during radial IMF are discussed with focus on the structure of the ion foreshock and the associated ULF waves. In particular, we show that this region is populated with numerous structures that are associated with large (~50%) drops in solar wind density and magnetic field strength. These cavity structures are carried by the solar wind until they cross the bow shock leading to large variations in plasma and field properties in the magnetosheath. It is shown that the cavity structures are formed due to the nonlinear evolution of two types of ULF waves generated by the backstreaming ions in the foreshock. One class is parallel propagating, sinusoidal waves with right or left hand polarization. The second class corresponds to highly oblique, linearly polarized, fast magnetosonic waves. Verification of the presence of this newly predicted class of waves in spacecraft data remains a topic of future work. Relevance of the simulation results to observations of foreshock cavities and density holes in the foreshock are also discussed.

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