Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics
Scientific paper
Jan 2001
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2001ap%26ss.275...79z&link_type=abstract
Astrophysics and Space Science, v. 275, Issue 1/2, p. 79-90 (2001).
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics
17
Scientific paper
A number of late [WC] stars have unique infrared properties, not found among the non-[WC] planetary nebulae, and together define a class of IR-[WC] stars. They have unusual IRAS colours, resembling stars in the earliest post-AGB evolution and possibly related to PAH formation. Most or all show a double chemistry, with both a neutral (molecular) oxygen-rich and an inner carbon-rich region. Their dense nebulae indicate recent evolution from the AGB, suggesting a fatal-thermal-pulse (FTP) scenario. Although both the colours and the stellar characteristics predict fast evolution, it is shown that this phase must last for 10^4 yr. The morphologies of the nebulae are discussed. For one object in Sgr, the progenitor mass (1.3 M_solar) is known. The stellar temperatures of the IR-[WC] stars appear much higher in low metallicity systems (LMC, Sgr). This may be indicative of an extended `pseudo' photosphere. It is proposed that re-accretion of ejected gas may slow down the post-AGB evolution and so extend the life time of the IR-[WC] stars.
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