Thermal equilibrium and hydrostatic equilibrium for excited states in planetary atmospheres

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Atmospheric Models, Atomic Excitations, Energy Transfer, Molecular Energy Levels, Planetary Atmospheres, Vertical Motion, Atmospheric Circulation, Earth Atmosphere, Mass Transfer, Venus Atmosphere

Scientific paper

A mechanism for the vertical transport of energy in planetary atmospheres is examined which results from the mutual exclusion of thermal and hydrostatic equilibrium for any particular quantum state of an atmospheric constituent in a nonisothermal atmosphere. This mechanism consists of a flux of atoms and molecules that are rotationally, vibrationally, and electronically excited down the temperature gradient which is balanced by an up-gradient transport of ground-state atoms and molecules, resulting in a net transport of excitation energy without net mass transport. The energy flux is formulated as a molecular process and applied to vibrationally excited molecular nitrogen as well as rotationally excited atomic oxygen in the earth's lower thermosphere. It is then reformulated as a bulk process and applied to the atmosphere of Venus. The results show that the CO2 vibrational flux in the Venusian atmosphere makes a significant contribution to the total eddy-energy flux in the region from the surface to a height of 60 km.

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