Winds and Turbulence Near the Top of the Planetary Boundary Layer from Balloon Measurements.

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Scientific paper

It is generally accepted that superpressure balloons are good tracers of horizontal winds, but their response to vertical winds has not been clearly defined. An analytic solution to the balloon's equation of vertical motion is presented, based on routine expansion methods and taking account of both wind and density variations, such as expected in a gravity wave. This solution is useful for studying expected balloon response to single wave disturbances; but in most cases a whole spectrum of atmospheric motions is encountered and a simple numerical integration scheme was actually used to find vertical air motions from vertical balloon motions for 38 tetroon flights with float levels near 1 km. For spectral periods greater than about 10 minutes, vertical motions and variability are much larger for the retrieved air motions than would be found simply using vertical balloon motions. Also, the sign of the Reynold's stress is often different when based on retrieved vertical air motions. These results suggest only retrieved vertical air motions can be used for studies of gravity waves or vertical fluxes using balloon data. At small motion scales, the average atmospheric dissipation is estimated to be near 0.1 cm('2)s('-3) at these float altitudes. Pairs of balloons launched simultaneously in a one-day experiment show that horizontal wind profiles are highly repeatable. A single comparison of Eulerian and Lagrangian wind statistics near 800 m in this experiment was inconclusive and must be viewed as a prototype experiment for further balloon flights.

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