Remote sensing and exploration of the solar system

Computer Science

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Mars Surface, Planetary Composition, Planetary Structure, Remote Sensing, Solar System, Viking Mars Program, Mars Atmosphere, Spacecraft Instruments, Thermal Mapping, Viking Spacecraft

Scientific paper

Aspects of Martian geology are discussed based on interpretation of over 51,000 high-resolution images obtained between 1976 and 1983 by the Viking probes. The Martian surface is characterized by a hemispheric asymmetry which occurs along a great circle inclined by about 20 degrees to the equator. South of the asymmetry, the surface displays meteorite impact craters and large heavily-cratered basins, while to the north, the morphology is more uniform. The lowlands of the northern hemisphere are dominated by two large volcanic formations. Although water is found to exist only in the polar ice caps and as ground permafrost, the present morphology suggests the occurrence of past warming periods and surface water flow. It is noted that wind erosion is now the only factor which can significantly change the surface.

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