Comet observations with ISOPHOT in the far infrared.

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Scientific paper

The Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) provided a unique opportunity to observe between 2 μm and 200 μm. This satellite observatory is extremely well suited to study thermal emission, in this case thermal emission from comets which is identical with investigating the properties of cometary dust. The comets 22P/Kopff, 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1, 95P/Chiron and 81P/Wild 2 were selected and observed several times with ISOPHOT. Comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) was studied as an exceptional target of opportunity. For each observational sequence a grey-body was compared to the ISOPHOT fluxes using the least-square method to determine the best fit which was in turn used to determine a dust temperature for the cometary coma. After extensive grain size distribution modelling, more detailed coma properties were derived. The coma is most likely a silicate-carbon mixture where the silicate grains tend to be less fluffy than the carbonaceous grains.

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