The shape of the earth in the space age

Computer Science – Sound

Scientific paper

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Earth Observations (From Space), Geodesy, Geodetic Satellites, Geodetic Surveys, Geodetic Accuracy, Geometry, Gravitational Effects, Satellite Orbits, Telemetry

Scientific paper

Geodesic measurements made of the shape of the earth using instrumentation with space-based components are described. Precise measurements became possible with laser systems for bouncing beams off satellites and reflectors on the moon. Accurate atellite orbit predictions are necessary to account for terrestrial flattening in the northern hemisphere, gravity waves and atmospheric drag. Simultaneous soundings of satellite position from several earth stations provide satisfactory data for the location of the satellite, and can therefore furnish data for determining the subsatellite geoid. Radio-based interferometry has proven reliable for determining the position of the poles and irregularities in the rotation of the earth. Sample geoid maps are provided from satellite soundings of the whole earth and for a small region of the Mediterranean Sea.

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