The equatorial ionosphere during and after the extreme solar minimum of 2008: reconstructing climatological maps of topside ion density and composition for low latitudes using the C/NOFS satellite

Mathematics – Logic

Scientific paper

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[2415] Ionosphere / Equatorial Ionosphere, [2419] Ionosphere / Ion Chemistry And Composition, [2447] Ionosphere / Modeling And Forecasting, [2481] Ionosphere / Topside Ionosphere

Scientific paper

During the recent solar minimum, solar activity reached the lowest levels observed during the space age. This extremely low solar activity has accompanied a number of unexpected observations in the Earth's ionosphere and thermosphere when compared to previous solar minima. Among these are the fact that the ionosphere is significantly contracted beyond expectations based on empirical models. Climatological maps of ion density and composition measurements are constructed from the C/NOFS satellite to characterize the shape of the topside ionosphere during the recent solar minimum and into the new solar cycle. Building on initial results reported by Heelis et al., [2009], here we describe the extent of the contracted ionosphere, which is found to persist throughout 2009, well into the new solar cycle. The implications of the contracted ionosphere are discussed with respect to the ion drift climatologies determined by the C/NOFS satellite during this same period, as well as empirical and physics-based models.

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