Galaxies with spectral energy distributions peaking near 60 microns. 2: Optical broadband properties

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

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Astronomical Catalogs, Color-Magnitude Diagram, Energy Distribution, Energy Spectra, Galactic Evolution, Infrared Spectra, Spiral Galaxies, Astronomical Photometry, Charge Coupled Devices, Far Infrared Radiation, Infrared Astronomy Satellite, Star Formation, Stellar Color, Stellar Luminosity

Scientific paper

In this paper (the second in a series), we present results of optical multicolor broadband Charge Coupled Device (CCD) imaging of Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) galaxies with spectral energy distributions peaking near 60 microns. As roughly two-thirds of the galaxies are previously unidentified in optical catalogues, this paper also serves as an optical catalogue for 60 microns peakers. All the 60 microns peakers are strong emission-line galaxies (Vader et al. (1993)). Our most striking result is that spiral structure is noticeably lacking among the 60 microns peakers, in view of the fact that IRAS galaxies and optically selected samples of emission-line galaxies are typically spirals. The majority of galaxies in our far-infrared (FIR) selected sample have a peculiar morphology (tidal tails, plumes, rings, shells, etc.) and the remaining galaxies have an amorphous appearance. This is reflected in a proposed morphological classification scheme consisting of four classes, ranging from amorphous to peculiar. Morphology class correlates well with optical colors and magnitudes; spectroscopic type; and FIR spectral indices. We interpret these correlations in terms of two scenarios, in which an interaction/merger is a key element that accounts for the observed morphology of the galaxies and the nuclear activity producing the 'warm' FIR colors. Scenario A attributes the different optical morphologies of 60 microns peakers to differences in the precursor galaxies before the interaction, while scenario B attributes the morphological classification scheme to an evolutionary sequence that links galaxy morphology to nuclear activity. Both scenarios can explain the data equally well. The wide range in luminosity of our sample indicates that the short-lived phase of nuclear activity and 60 microns emission are not restricted to high luminosity galaxies.

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