Solar activity; weather and climate: a review

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Scientific paper

In the proposed review, experimental evidences on a close relationship between the solar activity and the weather are discussed. Solar radiation variations associated with various manifestation of the solar activity on the Sun's surface (sunspots, flocculae) during both the short-term disturbances and 11-year solar cycles are considered. A conclusion is arrived on the intensity of those variations to be insufficient to produce observed disturbances in the lower atmosphere state (Foukal, Lin and others). Changes of the atmosphere transmittance and cloudiness associated with solar flares and geomagnetic disturbances are discussed. There is shown that variations of the solar radiation observed at the Earth's surface during the disturbances mentioned above may explain quantitatively the observed changes in the lower atmosphere state. There is supposed that the observed variations of the cloudiness and atmosphere transparency may be caused by the intensity variations of the cosmic rays flux of the galactic and cosmic origin (Tinsley, Scherrer, Hilis, Deer, Pudovkin, Veretenenko, Friis-Christensen, Svensmark and others). Various mechanisms of the cosmic rays influence on the atmospheric transparency and cloudiness variations are considered. Some numerical models describing the state and dynamics of the lower atmosphere are discussed and the possibility of incorporating in them as input parameters the observed variations of the cloudiness and atmosphere's transparency is analyzed.

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