Towards the knee: direct measurements of the cosmic ray composition with electronic detectors

Computer Science

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Over a wide range of energies, the cosmic ray composition can be described with a uniform source spectrum for all components, and by a propagation pathlength that continually decreases with energy. However, there are indications that this description may no longer be valid above ~ 10^13eV/particle, where observational data become scarce. We discuss how progress can be made in new direct measurements above the atmosphere over the region 10^13-10^15eV/particle. Most important is the availability of well calibrated detectors with known charge and energy resolution and very large sensitive area. For the heavier nuclei (Z >= 3), these specifications can be met with a new generation of light weight transition radiation detectors. In balloon flights of a few days duration these will reach maximum energies of ~ 0.5 x 10^15eV for oxygen and ~ 2 x 10^15eV for iron nuclei with good statistical accuracy.

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