The mechanism of anion adsorption on iron oxides: Evidence for the bonding of arsenate tetrahedra on free Fe(O, OH) 6 edges

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Parallel studies conducted recently on the mechanism of adsorption of arsenate and selenate oxyanions on iron oxyhydroxides have resulted in different structural models. On the basis of EXAFS-derived As---Fe distances, Waychunas et al. (1993) have postulated the existence of two kinds of arsenate surface complexes, both of them being bonded to A-type surface functional groups. One surface complex involves the sharing of two adjacent A-type groups ( 2 C [ hkl ] (hk0) surface complex, d (As---Fe) = 3.25 Å) and the other the sharing of two adjacent A-type group ( 1 V [ hk0 ] (hk0) surface complex, d (As---Fe) = 3.6 0 Å). While the former complex has also been identified in the case of selenate, single corner 1 V linkage between arsenate tetrahedra and Fe(O, OH) 6 octahedra is not observed in the case of selenate. The second Fe---Se distance has been instead attributed to an edge (E) linkage ( 1 E [001] (001) surface complex, d (Se---Fe) = 2.80 Å; Manceau and Charlet, 1994). Comparison of the EXAFS results obtained at the As and Se K-edges leads to the conclusion that this difference of structural behavior is not supported by the experimental data. The reason for this discrepancy is shown to result from a mistaken determination by Waychunas et al. (1993) of the As---Fe distance of 3.6 0 Å due to a 2 phase shift of the theoretical As-Fe electronic wave constructed for least-square fitting of the experimental data. The sorption of arsenate on free Fe(O, OH) 6 edges is shown to be critical to understanding structural changes of the ferrihydrite structure at increasing As loading and ageing times. Specifically, it provides a molecular-level explanation for the poisoning of particles growth in the direction of octahedral Fe chains and for the slowing down of the transformation of ferrihydrite to hematite.

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