Simple Instruments for Continuous Measurement of Trapped Particles

Details Simple Instruments for Continuous Measurement of Trapped Particles Simple Instruments for Continuous Measurement of Trapped Particles

Dec 1996

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1996esasp.392...87b&link_type=abstract

Environment Modelling for Space-based Applications, Symposium Proceedings (ESA SP-392). ESTEC Noordwijk, 18-20 September 1996. E

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Particles trapped in the Earth's radiation belts form a particular danger to spacecraft and their equipment. The high energy particles can penetrate deep into a satellite and cause upsets in the electronics or unrecoverable damage. It is therefore of practical importance, not only for design, but also for spacecraft operations, to have models able to predict the particle environment for any position at any time. Up to now static models have been commonly used, constructed from a set of data measured over a particular period, which are supposed to describe average particle fluxes. They do not take into account the dynamics and variability of the environment. The magnetosphere is known to be a dynamical system, strongly influenced by the solar wind and Interplanetary Magnetic Field. It is therefore crucial to consider solar and magnetospheric data simultaneously in constructing forecasting models. Moreover, forecasts must be based on actual data, which allows comparison of prediction and observation, and improvement of the model. This implies that the "system" must be continuously monitored. Whereas solar data is continuously gathered by different ground and space-based observatories, trapped particles are measured only sporadically by instruments covering specific parts of geomagnetic coordinate space. In order to overcome this shortage of particle data, the European Space Agency, ESA is sponsoring the development of a simple instrument, which is light and requires low-power, to be acceptable as a supplementary payload on many scientific and applications satellites. This has the advantage of being low-cost, potentially resulting in many carriers and provides the host spacecraft with valuable radiation environment and effects housekeeping data. The first step in this direction has been the construction of two models of the Radiation Environment Monitor, REM, launched into two different orbits in 1994. It has proved to be a reliable monitor of radiation belt particles. A revised version, the Standard REM, SREM, is being developed and will be available in 1997.

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