Physical Models from the Cosmos to the Factory: from Gravitational Lenses as a Probe of Cosmology, to Electric Field Analysis in Industry

Details Physical Models from the Cosmos to the Factory: from Gravitational Lenses as a Probe of Cosmology, to Electric Field Analysis in Industry Physical Models from the Cosmos to the Factory: from Gravitational Lenses as a Probe of Cosmology, to Electric Field Analysis in Industry

Nov 1998

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1998phdt........11c&link_type=abstract

Thesis (PHD). CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY , Source DAI-B 59/05, p. 2245, Nov 1998, 75 pages.

Mathematics

Logic

Thermal Ablation

Scientific paper

There are basically two major parts in this thesis. The first part will involve a strong gravitational lensing study and the second part will be two industrial problems solved by electric field analysis. In part I, we examine whether a cosmologically significant distribution of dark galaxy groups can have an optical depth for multiple imaging of distant background sources which is comparable to that from known galaxies while at the same time producing angular splittings of the same order of magnitude. Modeling such systems as isothermal spheres with core radii, we find that independent of the cosmology an allowed parameter range exists that is comparable in velocity dispersion to that for known compact groups of galaxies, although the preferred core radii are somewhat smaller than that normally assumed for compact groups. After discussing dark structures which are responsible for lensing galaxies, we study statistical limits on the density parameter Ω o from a strong gravitational lensing analysis based on observed multiple lensing images in optical quasar surveys. A best fit from maximum likelihood analysis gives the value of Ω o to be 0.25 in a flat universe model, with 95% confidence level at about Ω o < 0.75. An open cosmology is not favored under the same analysis. In part II, two industrial and applied areas, capacitive sensors and radiofrequency thermal ablation, are introduced and analyzed. In the former case, we present progress of research and design in the area of liquid sensors for condition-based maintenance where accurate portable devices for monitoring hydraulic and lubricating fluids are desired. Issues addressed include dielectric modeling, capacitive calculations, and a novel 'electrogravity' mechanism. Measurements of capacitance, of frequency response, and of breakdown voltages, all as a function of contaminant concentration, have been carried out. The latter case is a study of theoretical modeling and experimental tests of that modeling for the local heating due to rf thermal ablation. A comparison is made between the theoretical temperature profiles and the shapes of thermal ablation 'lesions' produced in a controlled gelatin sample experiment. Successful modeling should lead to methods for optimization of the ablation procedure, especially as it is used interventional MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging).

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