On the slow changes in the earth's rotation

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

Scientific paper

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Angular Velocity, Earth Rotation, Ephemeris Time, Cartesian Coordinates, Least Squares Method, Newton-Raphson Method

Scientific paper

The earth orbital motion theories of Bessel (1830), Leverrier (1858), and Newcomb (1898) are compared with current ephemeris time corrections for 1956-1984 in order to obtain the deceleration of the earth's rotation. From Newcomb's theory, an increase in the length of day of 2.49 ms/day per century is obtained for 1875-1970, on the basis of deductions from comparisons of longitudes and mean motions. The ephemeris time correction in seconds may be predicted by a formula yielding an rms accuracy of 0.68 sec for 1956-1984. When the earth's deceleration is removed from ephemeris time corrections, discontinuities are noted in 1965 and 1979 and interpreted as changes in the earth's angular velocity.

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