Multiple-shell planetary nebulae. I - Morphologies and frequency of occurrence

Details Multiple-shell planetary nebulae. I - Morphologies and frequency of occurrence Multiple-shell planetary nebulae. I - Morphologies and frequency of occurrence

Jul 1987

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1987apjs...64..529c&link_type=abstract

Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series (ISSN 0067-0049), vol. 64, July 1987, p. 529-544. Research supported by the University o

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Astrophysics

179

Astronomical Spectroscopy, Charge Coupled Devices, Planetary Nebulae, Spatial Distribution, Stellar Envelopes, Stellar Structure, Astronomical Catalogs, Stellar Evolution

Scientific paper

The physical nature of multiple shell planetary nebulae (MSPNs) are studied using PN imagery survey data obtained at the Kitt Peak National Observatory during November 1982 and October 1985. The morphologies of the MSPNs are classified based on the relation between the shells and the morphologies of the outer shell. It is observed that there are type I MSPNs that have an outer shell with limb brightness, and type II whose outer shell lacks brightness. The size of the outer shell, outer/inner radii ratio, radio luminosity of the whole nebula, and the outer/inner surface brightness ratio are analyzed in terms of morphology. It is observed that for type I MSPNs, the outer shell is 0.5-1.0 pc, the radii ratio is greater than 2, and the surface brightness ratio is 0.005 or less; and for the type II nebulae, the shell size is 0.5 pc, the radii ratio is less than 2, and the inner surface brightness is 0.25. The frequency of multiple-shell occurrence is derived and compared with theoretical predictions.

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