Spectral Evolution of X-ray Outbursts from Neutron-Star Transients

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Scientific paper

We investigate the spectral evolution of 13 X-ray transients with peak RXTE/ASM flux above 40 mCrab and evidence for type 1 X-ray bursts. Public data before 2005 December in the RXTE archive were used to create X-ray spectra for each observation, while excluding X-ray bursts. On the normalized color-color diagram, the superposition of multiple outbursts from Aql X-1 and 4U 1608-522 produces distinct soft and hard tracks. Similar behavior is seen in 10 other bursters, although with considerably less coverage. We explore alternative ways to model the X-ray spectra. The nonthermal component is treated as a broken power law, while the thermal component is either a multi-color disk or a simple blackbody. In either case, the flux increases in the thermal component for the soft state are primarily tied to increases in the apparent radius, rather than the temperature. A similar result has been previously reported, using a survey of LMXBs rather than intensive observations of the same source. This behavior is contrary to that seen in accreting black holes, and it offers clues as to the physical origin of the thermal component. At maximum thermal luminosity, the size of the thermal component matches the size of the neutron star inferred from the type I X-ray bursts. The break energy for the power law component is near 14 keV for the soft state and 19 keV or higher in the hard state. We replaced the broken power law with a comptonization model. It turns that the behavior of the thermal component remains unchanged. The identification of the blackbody component with the boundary layer or the accretion flow spreading on the neutron star surface is discussed.

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