Other
Scientific paper
Aug 1985
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1985amsci..73..326s&link_type=abstract
American Scientist (ISSN 0003-0996), vol. 73, July-Aug. 1985, p. 326-333.
Other
12
Climate, Dynamo Theory, Solar Flux Density, Solar Oscillations, Solar Terrestrial Interactions, Faculae, Nimbus 7 Satellite, Solar Constant, Solar Diameter, Solar Magnetic Field, Solar Maximum Mission, Sunspots
Scientific paper
Recent progress made in measuring and characterizing variations in the global solar energy output are surveyed. The most reliable data on variations are gathered by spacecraft, most recently by Nimbus 7 and the SMM. The longest irradiance decrements are associated with the appearance of large sunspots, particularly at the center of the solar disk. Faculae, bright spots appearing with sunspots, redirect radiation to directions other than perpendicular. Global variations average less than 0.1 percent of the average annual irradiance, although some long-term drift may be occurring. Astrometric data on Mercury transit across the solar disk have, with 250 yr cumulative data, revealed no more than 0.2 arcsec variations in the solar diameter, while eclipse data indicate variations of up to 0.6 arcsec in recent epochs. Other data, however, have connected the diameter variations with magnetic field increases. A deeper understanding of the physics of the solar dynamo will be required to detect the significance of the observed changes relative to irradiance averages.
Demarque Pierre
Endal A.
Sofia Sabatino
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