Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics – High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Scientific paper
2011-11-30
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
19 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Scientific paper
We show that the photospheres of "failed" Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs), whose bulk Lorentz factors are much lower than 100, can be outside of internal shocks. The resulting radiation from the photospheres is thermal and bright in UV/Soft X-ray band. The photospheric emission lasts for about one thousand seconds with luminosity about several times 10^46 erg/s. These events can be observed by current and future satellites. It is also shown that the afterglows of failed GRBs are peculiar at the early stage, which makes it possible to distinguish failed GRBs from ordinary GRBs and beaming-induced orphan afterglows.
Huang Yun-Feng
Lee Hong Seok
Nagataki Shigehiro
Xu Minzhong
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