Hydrogen and helium ionization structure of gaseous nebulae

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

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Gas Ionization, Helium Hydrogen Atmospheres, Hydrogen Clouds, Interstellar Gas, Photoionization, Planetary Nebulae, Charge Exchange, Heavy Ions, Helium Ions, Hot Stars, Ionized Gases, Lyman Spectra, Plasma Equilibrium

Scientific paper

A method for solving the hydrogen and helium ionization equilibrium equation which provides convenient, analytical formulae describing the ionization structure is developed. The ionization equilibrium for a pure hydrogen nebula with a arbitrary gas distribution is considered and four free physical parameters of the nebula which completely determine the ionization structure are identified. It is shown that, for stars with effective temperatures less than 100,000 K, the spectral behavior in the Lyman continuum can be well reproduced by a power law. On this basis, the ionization equilibrium equation for pure hydrogen is solved and the solution is generalized to a nebula containing H, He, and heavy elements. A simple and quite general formula for the determination of the size and total emission of the He(+) zone is obtained. It is also shown that the problem of He(+)-He(++) equilibrium can be decoupled from that of other ionizations if the source spectral slope is steeper than 0.9.

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