Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics
Scientific paper
2004-02-11
Phys.Lett. B600 (2004) 191
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics
5 pages, 2 figures, to appear in Physics Letters B
Scientific paper
10.1016/j.physletb.2004.09.013
Recent astronomical observations suggest that the bulk of energy in the Universe is repulsive and appears like a dark component with negative pressure ($\omega \equiv p_x/\rho_x < 0$). In this work we investigate thermodynamic and statistical properties of such a component. It is found that its energy and temperature grow during the evolution of the Universe since work is done on the system. Under the hypothesis of a null chemical potential, the case of phantom energy ($\omega < -1$) seems to be physically meaningless because its entropy is negative. It is also proved that the wavelengths of the $\omega$-quanta decrease in an expanding Universe. This unexpected behavior explains how their energy may be continuously stored in the course of expansion. The spectrum and the associated Wien-type law favors a fermionic nature with $\omega$ naturally restricted to the interval $-1 \leqslant \omega < -1/2$. Our analysis also implies that the ultimate fate of the Universe may be considerably modified. If a dark energy dominated Universe expands forever, it will become increasingly hot.
Alcaniz Jailson S.
Lima Jose A. S.
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