Mathematics – Operator Algebras
Scientific paper
2004-05-13
Advances in Mathematics, Volume 209, Issue 1, 15 February 2007, Pages 212-240
Mathematics
Operator Algebras
31 pages, new section on failure of universality added, typos corrected, additional explanations
Scientific paper
10.1016/j.aim.2006.05.003
We extend the relation between random matrices and free probability theory from the level of expectations to the level of fluctuations. We show how the concept of "second order freeness", which was introduced in Part I, allows one to understand global fluctuations of Haar distributed unitary random matrices. In particular, independence between the unitary ensemble and another ensemble goes in the large $N$ limit over into asymptotic second order freeness. Two important consequences of our general theory are: (i) we obtain a natural generalization of a theorem of Diaconis and Shahshahani to the case of several independent unitary matrices; (ii) we can show that global fluctuations in unitarily invariant multi-matrix models are not universal.
Mingo James A.
Sniady Piotr
Speicher Roland
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