Holistic Analysis for the Coherence of kHz QPOs

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics – High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena

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6 pages, 8 figs, submit

Scientific paper

We investigate the recently published data for the coherence of twin kHz quasi-period oscillations (QPOs) in the neutron star (NS) low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) in a holistic way. We find that: (1) The quality factors of upper kHz QPOs are low ($2 \sim 20$ in general) and increase with the frequencies. The data point tracks in $Q-\nu$ plane are roughly similar for Z and atoll sources. (2) There are significant differences in $Q-\nu$ diagram for the lower kHz QPOs between Z and atoll sources. The quality factors ($Q_1$ usually lower than 15) of most Z sources rise steadily with the frequencies, except for Sco X-1 with an abrupt drop at frequency 750 Hz, while that of atoll sources are very high (from 2 to 200). A rising part, a maximum and an abrupt drop present in the $Q_1-\nu_1$ diagram for most atoll sources. (3) There are three atoll sources (4U 1728-34, 4U 1636-53 and 4U 1608-52) that display very high quality factors ($Q_1$) for lower kHz QPOs. The spin frequencies and sidebands between the twin kHz QPOs are detected for all three sources. The source with higher spin frequency presents a higher maximum quality factor and lower sideband frequency. (4) The $Q-\nu$ tracks also present specialities for individual source in each type, and the implications are discussed. Furthermore, motivated by the similarity between Sco X-1 and atoll sources for the lower $Q-\nu$ tracks, we try to present a holistic scenario for the evolution between atoll and Z sources. The revelations for the mechanisms of kHz QPOs in NS LMXBs are discussed.

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