Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics
Scientific paper
2007-12-18
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics
To appear in "Structure Formation in the Universe", ed. Chabrier, G., Cambridge University Press. High resolution version on
Scientific paper
(Abridged) Cosmology faces three distinct challenges in the next decade. (1) The dark sector, both dark matter and dark energy, dominates the Universe. Key questions include determining the nature of both. Improved observational probes are crucial. (2) Galaxy formation was initiated at around the epoch of reionization: we need to understand how and when as well as to develop probes of earlier epochs. (3) Our simple dark matter-driven picture of galaxy assembly is seemingly at odds with several observational results, including the presence of ULIRGS at high z, the `downsizing' signature, chemical signatures of alpha-element ratios and suggestions that merging may not be important in defining the Hubble sequence. Understanding the physical implications is a major challenge for theorists and refiniing the observational uncertainties a major goal for observers.
Ellis Richard
Silk Joseph
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