Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics
Scientific paper
2007-01-12
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics
Invited talk at the IAU Symposium 238: "Black Holes: From Stars to Galaxies -Across the Range of Masses". Prague, August 2006
Scientific paper
10.1017/S1743921307004723
The astrophysical processes that led to the formation of the first seed black holes and to their growth into the supermassive variety that powers bright quasars at redshift 6 are poorly understood. In standard LCDM hierarchical cosmologies, the earliest massive holes (MBHs) likely formed at redshift z~15 at the centers of low-mass (M>5e5 solar masses) dark matter ``minihalos'', and produced hard radiation by accretion. FUV/X-ray photons from such ``miniquasars'' may have permeated the universe more uniformly than EUV radiation, reduced gas clumping, and changed the chemistry of primordial gas. The role of accreting seed black holes in determining the thermal and ionization state of the intergalactic medium depends on the amount of cold and dense gas that forms and gets retained in protogalaxies after the formation of the first stars. The highest resolution N-body simulation to date of Galactic substructure shows that subhalos below the atomic cooling mass were very inefficient at forming stars.
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