Gradient instability for w < -1

Details Gradient instability for w < -1 Gradient instability for w < -1

2004-06-01

arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0406043v3

Phys.Lett.B597:270-274,2004

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Astrophysics

revtex4, 8 pages, 1 figure. v2: corrected typo in Eq. 16, added references and a paragraph on quintessence models; v3: reorder

Scientific paper

10.1016/j.physletb.2004.07.025

We show that in single scalar field models of the dark energy with equations of state satisfying $w \equiv p / \rho < -1$, the effective Lagrangian for fluctuations about the homogeneous background has a wrong sign spatial kinetic term. In most cases, spatial gradients are ruled out by microwave background observations. The sign of $w+1$ is not connected to the sign of the time derivative kinetic term in the effective Lagrangian.

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