On Delannoy numbers and Schröder numbers

Details On Delannoy numbers and Schröder numbers On Delannoy numbers and Schröder numbers

2010-09-13

arxiv.org/abs/1009.2486v4

J. Number Theory 131(2011), no.12, 2387-2397

Mathematics

Number Theory

Scientific paper

The n-th Delannoy number and the n-th Schr\"oder number given by $D_n=\sum_{k=0}^n\binom{n}{k}\binom{n+k}{k}$ and $S_n=\sum_{k=0}^n\binom{n}{k}\binom{n+k}{k}/(k+1)$ respectively arise naturally from enumerative combinatorics. Let p be an odd prime. We mainly show that $$\sum_{k=1}^{p-1}D_k/k^2=2(-1/p)E_{p-3} (mod p)$$ and $$\sum_{k=1}^{p-1}S_k/m^k=(m^2-6m+1)/(2m)*(1-((m^2-6m+1)/p) (mod p),$$ where (-) is the Legendre symbol, E_0,E_1,E_2,... are Euler numbers and m is any integer not divisible by p. We also conjecture that $\sum_{k=1}^{p-1}D_k^2/k^2=-2q_p(2)^2 (mod p)$, where $q_p(2)=(2^{p-1}-1)/p$.

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