Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics
Scientific paper
2002-03-04
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics
Invited review at "Disks of Galaxies: Kinematics, Dynamics and Perturbations," Puebla, Mexico, November 2001. To be published
Scientific paper
The morphologies of disk galaxies begin to deviate systematically from those of nearby galaxies at surprisingly low redshifts, possibly as low as z=0.3. This corresponds to a time ~3.5 Gyr in the past, which is only one quarter of the present age of the Universe. Beyond z = 0.5 (a look-back time of 5 Gyr) the effects of evolution on spiral structure are rather obvious: spiral arms are less well-developed and more chaotic, and barred spiral galaxies seem rarer. By z=1, around 30% of the galaxy population is sufficiently peculiar that classification on Hubble's traditional tuning fork system is meaningless. On the other hand, the co-moving space density and the sizes of luminous disks have not changed significantly since z=1. Tully-Fisher measurements indicate that the dynamical state and luminosities of large disk systems are also consistent with passive evolution out to a redshift of unity. We conclude that the general appearance of luminous disk galaxies has continuously changed with cosmic epoch, but their overall numbers have been conserved since z=1, and the bulk of the stars in these systems probably formed at z>1.
Abraham Roberto G.
van den Bergh Sidney
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