Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics – General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Scientific paper
2011-06-10
Physics Letters B 703 (2011) 614-619
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
14 pages; typos corrected; journal reference included
Scientific paper
We start from the Einstein-Hilbert action for the gravitational field in the presence of a "point particle" source, and cast the action into the corresponding phase space form. The dynamical variables of such a system satisfy the point particle mass shell constraint, the Hamilton and the momentum constraints of the canonical gravity. In the quantized theory, those constraints become operators that annihilate a state. A state can be represented by a wave functional $\Psi$ that simultaneously satisfies the Klein-Gordon and the Wheeler-DeWitt-Schr\"odinger equation. The latter equation, besides the term due to gravity, also contains the Schr\"odinger like term, namely the derivative of $\Psi$ with respect to time, that occurs because of the presence of the point particle. The particle's time coordinate, $X^0$, serves the role of time. Next, we generalize the system to $p$-branes, and find out that for a quantized spacetime filling brane there occurs an effective cosmological constant, proportional to the expectation value of the brane's momentum, a degree of freedom that has two discrete values only, a positive and a negative one. This mechanism could be an explanation for the small cosmological constant that drives the accelerated expansion of the universe.
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