On the Pontryagin-Steenrod-Wu theorem

Details On the Pontryagin-Steenrod-Wu theorem On the Pontryagin-Steenrod-Wu theorem

2008-08-08

arxiv.org/abs/0808.1209v1

Israel Journal of Mathematics 145(2005), 341-347

Mathematics

Geometric Topology

in English and in Russian, 4 pages

Scientific paper

This paper is on homotopy classification of maps of (n+1)-dimensional manifolds into the n-dimensional sphere. For a continuous map f of an (n+1)-manifold into the n-sphere define the degree deg f to be the class dual to f^*[S^n], where [S^n] is the fundamental class. We present a short and direct proof of the following specific case of the Pontryagin-Steenrod-Wu theorem: Theorem. Let M be a connected orientable closed smooth (n+1)-manifold, n>2. Then the map deg:\pi^n(M)\to H_1(M;Z) is 1-to-1 (i.e., bijective), if the product w_2(M) x r_2 H_2(M;Z) is nonzero, where r_2 is the mod2 reduction; 2-to-1 (i.e., each element of H_1(M;Z) has exactly 2 preimages) - otherwise. The proof is based on the Pontryagin-Thom construction and a geometric definition of the Stiefel-Whitney classes w_2(M).

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