Phase diversity restoration of sunspot images I. Relations between penumbral and photospheric features

Details Phase diversity restoration of sunspot images I. Relations between penumbral and photospheric features Phase diversity restoration of sunspot images I. Relations between penumbral and photospheric features

2004-05-27

arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0405542v1

Astron.Astrophys. 423 (2004) 737-744

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Astrophysics

Accepted by A&A, 9 pages and 5 figures

Scientific paper

10.1051/0004-6361:20034542

We investigate the dynamics of and the relations between small-scale penumbral and photospheric features near the outer penumbral boundary: penumbral grains (PGs), dark penumbral fibrils, granules, and photospheric G-band bright points. The analysis is based on a 2 h time sequence of a sunspot close to disc center, taken simultaneously in the G-band and in the blue continuum at 450.7 nm. Observations were performed at the Swedish Vacuum Solar Telescope (La Palma) in July 1999. A total of 2564 images (46 arcsec x 75 arcsec) were corrected for telescope aberrations and turbulence perturbations by applying the inversion method of phase diversity. Our findings can by summarized as follows: (a) One third of the outward-moving PGs pass through the outer penumbral boundary and then either continue moving as small bright features or expand and develop into granules. (b) Former PGs and G-band bright points next to the spot reveal a different nature. The latter have not been identified as a continuation of PGs escaping from the penumbra. The G-band bright points are mostly born close to dark penumbral fibrils where the magnetic field is strong, whereas PGs stem from the less-magnetized penumbral component and evolve presumably to non-magnetic granules or small bright features.

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