The postulates of gravitational thermodynamics

Details The postulates of gravitational thermodynamics The postulates of gravitational thermodynamics

1996-09-20

arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9609048v2

Phys.Rev.D54:6302-6311,1996

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Astrophysics

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology

28 pages, Revtex, no figures. An important sentence and several minor corrections included. To appear in Physical Review D

Scientific paper

10.1103/PhysRevD.54.6302

The general principles and logical structure of a thermodynamic formalism that incorporates strongly self-gravitating systems are presented. This framework generalizes and simplifies the formulation of thermodynamics developed by Callen. The definition of extensive variables, the homogeneity properties of intensive parameters, and the fundamental problem of gravitational thermodynamics are discussed in detail. In particular, extensive parameters include quasilocal quantities and are naturally incorporated into a set of basic general postulates for thermodynamics. These include additivity of entropies (Massieu functions) and the generalized second law. Fundamental equations are no longer homogeneous first-order functions of their extensive variables. It is shown that the postulates lead to a formal resolution of the fundamental problem despite non-additivity of extensive parameters and thermodynamic potentials. Therefore, all the results of (gravitational) thermodynamics are an outgrowth of these postulates. The origin and nature of the differences with ordinary thermodynamics are analyzed. Consequences of the formalism include the (spatially) inhomogeneous character of thermodynamic equilibrium states, a reformulation of the Euler equation, and the absence of a Gibbs-Duhem relation.

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