Radial Velocity Planets De-Aliased

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

Scientific paper

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Scientific paper

Radial velocity measurements of stellar reflex motion have revealed many extra-solar planets, but gaps in the observations produce aliases, spurious frequencies that are frequently confused with the planets' orbital frequencies. In the case of Gl 581d, the distinction between an alias and the true frequency was the distinction between a dead, frozen planet and a planet likely hospitable to life (Udry et al. 2007, Mayor et al. 2009). To improve the characterization of planetary systems, we describe how aliases originate and present a new approach for distinguishing between orbital frequencies and their aliases. Our approach harnesses features in the spectral window function to compare the amplitude and phase of predicted aliases with peaks present in the data. We apply it to confirm prior alias distinctions for the systems GJ 876, Gl 581, HD 73526, and HD 75898. Finally, we analyze the 5-planet system 55 Cnc. We find that the period of 2.817 days reported in the literature for planet e (McArthur et al. 2004, Fischer et al. 2008) is actually a daily alias of its true period of 0.737days. This new period of 0.737 days, with a refined mass of 10 Mearth, produces a significantly improved 5-planet Keplerian fit for 55 Cnc and is the shortest known period for a planet.As radial velocity techniques push to ever-smaller planets, often found in systems of multiple planets, distinguishing true periods from aliases will become increasingly important. We gratefully acknowledge support from the Harvard University Department of Astronomy and from the Michelson Fellowship, supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and administered by the NASA Exoplanet Science Center.

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