Tropospheric-stratospheric coupling: Extratropical synoptic systems in the lower stratosphere

Mathematics – Logic

Scientific paper

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Planetary Waves, Wave Propagation

Scientific paper

Synoptic-scale disturbances, existing in the lower stratosphere of middle to high southern latitudes and linked to tropospheric synoptic systems, are reviewed. Geopotential and wind fields show that synoptic-scale perturbations exist in the re-analysis products of the US National Center for Environmental Prediction, at least up to the 50 hPa level. A spatial spectral approach is used to demonstrate the existence of sizeable, episodic synoptic-scale perturbations throughout the lower stratosphere. The extension of synoptic systems from the troposphere into the lower stratosphere at high and mid latitudes, during early spring is discussed, using two case-studies. The background conditions given by the mean zonal flow, modulated by planetary-scale waves, appear to provide the limiting conditions for such penetration, which would have been theoretically impossible if the zonal mean flow alone were considered. The results are discussed under a simple generalization of the Charney-Drazin limits to wave propagation.

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