The evolution of planetary nebulae. III - Position-velocity images of butterfly-type nebulae

Details The evolution of planetary nebulae. III - Position-velocity images of butterfly-type nebulae The evolution of planetary nebulae. III - Position-velocity images of butterfly-type nebulae

Feb 1989

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1989aj.....97..462i&link_type=abstract

Astronomical Journal (ISSN 0004-6256), vol. 97, Feb. 1989, p. 462-475, 618-625. Research supported by the National Optical Astro

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Astronomy

89

Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars, Evolution (Development), Planetary Nebulae, Hydrodynamics, Shock Fronts, Stellar Envelopes, Stellar Rotation

Scientific paper

Observations of the motions of the shells of the planetary nebulae NGC 2346, NGC 2371-2, NGC 2440, NGC 6058, NGC 6210, IC 1747, IC 5217, J-320, and M2-9 are presented. These are all 'butterfly' type PNs, and show evidence for bipolar shocks. The observations are interpreted in terms of a fast spherical wind, driven by the central star into a quasi-toroidal envelope deposited earlier by the star, during its slow-wind phase on the asymptotic giant branch. It is shown that this model, which is a straightforward extension of a mechanism previously invoked to account for elliptical PNs, reproduces the essential kinematic features of butterfly PNs. It is inferred that the envelopes of butterflies must have a considerable equator-to-pole density gradient, and it is suggested that the origin of this asphericity must be sought in an as yet unknown mechanism during the AGB, Mira, or OH/IR phases of late stellar evolution.

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